Thursday, August 5 2010L'occidentalizzazione the world in the thinking of Alexander Zinoviev
"Democracy is not colonial the result of natural evolution of the colonized countries, under the conditions and rules for its internal socio-political order. It's something artificial, imposed from outside and against the trends that have arisen historically. It is supported by the methods of colonialism. In addition, the colonized country is removed from the existing system of international relations. This is achieved by destroying the blocks of countries and disintegrating large countries, as has happened to the Soviet bloc, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. "
is gone, finally, in 2006, the terrible old age of eighty prestigious anni.Filosofo, specializing in issues logic, mathematical genius, bitter and eccentric novelist; relentless critic of everything and everyone of communism and post-communism in Russia and the West; of totalitarianism and democracy, against man par excellence, obstinate, unyielding, and relentless accuser mocker of all conformism, of any mental laziness, any acquiescence in power, whatever it is: it was Alexander Zinoviev. If you
portato via, ancora indomito, un tumore al cervello; ma non se n’è andato in punta di piedi, bensì ruggendo e irridendo tutte le ipocrisie e tutte le forme di demagogia.In Occidente non se ne sono accorti in molti, perché il personaggio era talmente scomodo che si è fatto di tutto per non propagarne li pericoloso messaggio: aveva attaccato Stalin e criticato Gorbaciov, accusato Eltsin e denunciato Putin; aveva, soprattutto, messo in guardia contro la ridicola pretesa occidentale (Fukuyama e soci) che, con la caduta dell’Unione Sovietica, anche il comunismo fosse finito per sempre. «Ritornerà – aveva detto – magari in forme inusuali ed inedite»; e non già perché ne avesse nostalgia, since 1976 he was forced into exile because of the publication in Germany of his novel "abysmal Peaks," but which, before the horrors of post-communism in Russia, had been rooting for Gennady Zjuganov leader the old Russian Communist Party.
They had removed all university positions, he had been expelled from the Soviet institutions, we had even ripped from his breast the decoration for military valor earned during the Second World War (he was a brave pilot aviation), but were unable to to silence. But then, after the fall of the Soviet Union (as he had foreseen, when he criticized the "katastrojka" Gorbachev), the West was no longer needed him, showed him that he had suffered extremely critical of the mafia and ramshackle forms of neo-capitalism proliferated in Russia from the ashes of the Marxist-Leninist ideology and who had denounced it as her homeland had become a mere "colony" of the West. Him that, above all, it was shown relentless critic of the "magnificent and progressive" promises to all humanity by the supporters of globalizzazione.Per him, there was something even worse, sociologically speaking, the 'common man ", and was the 'homo Sovieticus "means a type of man who wanted to join l’ozio e il parassitismo sociale, tipico della vecchia Unione Sovietica, con lo sfrenato desiderio del “tutto e subito” della Russia eltsiniana e putiniana, dominata da innominabili cricche e da squali della finanza e da avventurieri al caviale, mentre la massa del popolo faceva ancora le code nei negozi e non era in grado di pagarsi l’affitto di una abitazione decente.Non che il mito del “popolo” facesse molta presa in lui, critico corrosivo ed implacabile demistificatore di tutte le ideologie umanitarie e progressiste della modernità; la stessa “umanità” era, per lui, una delle più subdole e delle più esiziali invenzioni dell’Occidente.Vittorio Strada, in un celebre articolo sul Corriere della Sera, 30 December 1997 summed up his ideas on the subject:
"Once upon a time ... Humanity invented by the Stoics, spiritualized Christianity, secular Enlightenment, humanity, not classified as biological species among mammals, but as a cultural entity unclassifiable between bodies, has reached its highest degree of development or, rather, of progress, which marks the sunset however, already started in the end of this century. [...] Starting with the good news that ours is perhaps "the last century, human, followed by centuries of" superhuman history o postumana”questo “romanzo sociofuturologico” [ossia «L’umanaio globale»] non è tutto tenebroso, poiché a rischiararlo qua e là intervengono squarci di nostalgiche rievocazioni del comunismo sovietico che Zinov’ev criticò non per abbatterlo ma per salvarlo. Un comunismo che egli, in una variante mostruosamente peggiorata perché totalmente razionalizzata, ritrova proprio nell’umanaio occidentale, del quale la Russia, disse crucciato Zinov’ev, è diventata una colonia…»
Ora, di “occidentalizzazione” del mondo ci aveva già parlato Serge Latouche, ma con riferimento pressoché esclusivo ai paesi del Terzo e Fourth World, while the point of view of Zinoviev is much more interesting, because it is a Russian who has seen his country "Westernization" forced stages, within a few years or few decades, although the process was started For several centuries, and was accelerated by the action of the reforming tsar Peter the Great, not to mention the "big" Catherine, the Queen lit ... The point of view of Zin'ov is broader and more pervasive: from Russian has seen and lived through the traumatic transition from Soviet totalitarianism, bureaucratic and inefficient, capitalism assault and semi-mafioso, but with the same ruling classes gattopardescamente ferried from one to another, he helps us to observe the phenomenon of Westernization not only in its size or semi-colonial, but also in more subtle and insidious ideological co-optation in velvet gloves, based on the seduction of consumerism and clumsy and irresponsible on the philosophy of "all at once."
The great Dostoevsky had expected or feared at least: westernize, Russia would lose its soul in exchange for a mess of pottage. But Zinoviev no longer even the illusion of "Holy Russia", the illusion of the archaic and patriarchal Rus' which still Yesenin, ai primi del Novecento, aveva creduto, o voluto credere, con tutto il suo palpitante e disperato amore di poeta. Ciò rende l’analisi di Zinov’ev amara, impietosa, ma lucidissima e difficilmente confutabile.Citiamo un passaggio chiave da «L’umanaio globale» (titolo originale: «Globalnyj Celovejnik», Mosca, Tsentrpoligraf, 1997; traduzione italiana di Alexei Hazov e Anna Cau, Milano, Spirali, 1998, pp. 167-173): «I paesi occidentali si sono strutturati storicamente in “stati nazionali”, come organizzazioni sociali di livello organizzativo relativamente superiore al resto dell’umanità, come particolare “sovrastruttura” superiore alle altre. Essi hanno sviluppato their internal strengths and capabilities god conquest and domination over other peoples.
is a competition of historical circumstances gave them an opportunity to exploit their advantage. I perceive, on anything in this immoral and criminal. The criteria of morality and law do not make sense when applied to processes storici.L 'aspiration of Western countries to dominate the world around them is not only the result of bad faith or any of their particular field. It is conditioned by the laws of social being. The influence of the evolution of humanity has been heard. It was a powerful source of progress. But it was also an equally powerful source of troubles. He produced countless bloody wars, including two world wars "hot" and "cold." Not only has not disappeared with time, but has grown stronger. Has assumed new forms. Among other things, the conquest of other countries and peoples has become a prerequisite for the survival of the countries and peoples of the West.
The great tragedy of history is that some bad man, greedy and stupid push humanity in the wrong direction, but in the fact that humanity is forced to move in this direction despite the will and wishes of good men generous and intelligenti.Con the west, the West has developed inside an incredibly intense metabolism. It needs natural resources, markets, spheres of investment of capital, labor, low-cost sources of energy, etc.., To an increasing extent. But the possibilities are limited. And new competitors appear, which limit them even more opportunities to threaten the existence and welfare of the West. The thrust of the West to world domination, ideological as any wear is the vital need to preserve the positions reached in the historical conditions and survive risky. The entire historical development leads the West in pursuit of a world order responsive to their interests. He forces per farlo. Durante la guerra fredda l’Occidente aveva elaborato una strategia politica, volta a stabilire un nuovo ordine conforme alla nuova situazione mondiale.
Io l’ho denominata “occidentalizzazione” (“wetsernizzazione”).L’occidentalizzazione è l’aspirazione del’Occidente a rendere gli altri paesi simili a sé per ordinamento sociale, sistema economico e politico, ideologia, psicologia e cultura. Dal punto di vista ideologico viene presentata come una missione umanitaria, disinteressata e liberatoria dell’Occidente, che ha la sua massima espressione nello sviluppo ella civiltà e nella concentrazione di tutte le virtù concepibili. Noi siamo liberi, rich and happy - he says the people from the West Westernizing - and we want to help you become free, rich and happy. But the real substance of Westernization is quite another. Westernization The purpose is to absorb the other countries in its sphere of influence, power and exploitation. Not absorb the role of equal partner in power and law - it is practically impossible to view the inequality of forces - but with what the West considers it more advantageous to himself.
This role can meet part of the citizens of westernized countries, or both for a short time. But overall, is a part of a second and auxiliary plane. The West has a power which does not permit the emergence of Western-style countries independent of it. That threaten its control over a portion of the conquered planet and, ultimately, the entire pianeta.L 'westernization of a given country is not just Western influence on it, is not merely an imitation of individual phenomena of Western way of life, does not mean using the values \u200b\u200bproduced by the West, is not able to travel in the West, etc.., but it is something much deeper and more important for it. It is restructuring its very foundations, its social organization, system government ideology, the mentality of the population. These transformations are not ends in flat, but a means to achieve what we have said prima.L 'Westernization does not exclude the will of westernized countries, nor the desire to pursue this route. Just this sucks the West: that the intended victim is alone in offering sacrifice, and that he, therefore, even gratitude.
To this end, we created a powerful system of ideological ed'indottrinamento seduction of the masses. But in any circumstance is unì'operazione active Westernization of the West, which does not rule out violence. The willingness of Westernized countries does not mean that all their people already accept this direction of their evolution. Inside there are groups fighting for or against Westernization. The Westernization is not always able to get their, as, for example, has happened in Iran and Vietnam.L 'whole business of freedom and Western civilization has ever had a single purpose: to conquer the world for themselves and not for others, the subjugation of the planet to their own interests and not those of others. He has turned everything around him, because the same Western countries could live comfortably. When someone tried to prevent it, had no qualms a ricorrere a qualsiasi mezzo. Il percorso storico del mondo è stato costellato di violenza, truffa e rappresaglia. Adesso le condizioni sono cambiate. L’Occidente è ormai diverso. Ha mutato la propria strategia e tattica. La sostanza però non è cambiata. Del resto non può essere diversamente, perché è una legge della natura. Ora, l’Occidente propugna la soluzione pacifica dei problemi, perché quella militare è pericolosa, e i metodi pacifici gli creano una reputazione di arbitro supremo e giusto.
Tali metodi pacifici hanno una particolarità: sono pacifico-coercitivi. L’Occidente ha una potenza economica, propagandistica ed economica sufficiente a costringere i recalcitranti con metodi pacifici a fare ciò che gli serve. L’esperienza dimostra che i mezzi pacifici possono essere integrati da quelli militari. Per questo motivo, qualunque sia la fase iniziale dell’occidentalizzazione di questo o quel paese, si evolverà comunque in un’occidentalizzazione forzata.Per operare l’occidentalizzazione è stata messa a punto una tattica speciale. Vengono utilizzati i seguenti provvedimenti. Gettare discredito su tutti i principali attributi dell’ordinamento sociale del paese da occidentalizzare. Destabilizzarlo. Favorire la crisi dell’economia, dell’apparato statale e dell’ideologia. Dividere la popolazione in gruppi reciprocamente ostili, disgregarla, sostenere qualsiasi movimento d’opposizione, corrompere l’élite intellettuale e gli strati privilegiati. Contemporaneamente, propagandare i pregi della vita occidentale. Incitare la popolazione a invidiare l’abbondanza occidentale. Creare l’illusione che quest’abbondanza sia raggiungibile anche da esso in brevissimo tempo se si porrà sulla via delle trasformazioni seguendo i modelli occidentali. Contagiarlo con i vizi della società occidentale, presentandoli come manifestazioni di autentica liberà individuale. Aiutare economicamente il paese solo nella misura in cui ciò favorisce la distruzione della sua economia e la rende dipendente dall’Occidente,m mentre l’Occidente appare come suo disinteressato salvatore dai mali del modello di vita recedente.
L’occidentalizzazione è una forma particolare di colonialismo, in seguito al quale nel paese colonizzato si crea un modello sociopolitico di “democrazia coloniale” (secondo la mia terminologia),. Per alcuni tratti è la continuazione della vecchia strategia coloniale dei paesi occidentali, soprattutto della Gran Bretagna. Ma nel complesso è un uovo fenomeno, tipico del mondo contemporaneo. La sua paternità può essere attribuita, a ragion veduta, agli Usa.La democrazia coloniale non è il risultato dell’evoluzione naturale dei paesi colonizzati, in virtù delle condizioni interne e delle regole del suo ordinamento sociopolitico. È qualcosa di artificioso, imposto dall’esterno e against the trends that have arisen historically. It is supported by the methods of colonialism. In addition, the colonized country is removed from the existing system of international relations. This is achieved by destroying the blocks of countries and disintegrating large countries, as happened to the Soviet bloc, the Soviet Union and the country Jugoslavia.Il detached from the previous reporting system maintains a semblance of sovereignty. With it you establish a relationship of seemingly equal partnership. Most of the population retains some aspects of the previous way of life. You create an oasis of economic model almost Western., Under the supervision of banks and Western companies, as well as an exclusively Western o miste.
Ho usato la parola “quasi”, poiché queste oasi economiche sono solo un’imitazione dell’economia occidentale moderna.Al paese vengono imposti attributi esteriori del sistema politico occidentale: multipartitismo, parlamento, libere elezioni, presidente, ecc. In realtà sono solo la copertura di un sistema affatto democratico, ma piuttosto dittatoriale (“autoritario”). Lo sfruttamento del paese nell’interesse dell’Occidente avviene con l’aiuto di una parte irrilevante della popolazione, che si nutre di questa funzione. Questi uomini hanno un elevato livello di vita, paragonabile a quello dei più ricchi strati dell’Occidente.Il paese da colonizzare is reduced in such a state that can no longer operate independently. It is then up to no longer be demilitarized in no position to resist. The armed forces serve only to contain the protests of the population and limit the opposition attempts to change the status expires quo.La national culture to a pitiful level. His place was occupied by the most primitive samples of culture, or rather, pseudo-western. The masses are granted: a substitute for democracy in the form of debauchery, a weak monitoring by the authorities, access to entertainment, a value system that frees people from the need to control and morality. "
As you can see, the position of Zinoviev is not moralistic, as he cleared them from the land of history and moral support from the beginning (a remnant of Hegelianism and Marxism itself?) That the direction of history is that is, and therefore would be futile to decry certain consequences, once you understand the "necessity" of premesse.Ciò remains that his analysis is lucid, penetrating, almost ruthless. Zinoviev is a formidable debunker: you can read its pages, you can not help but run my thoughts on Afghanistan, Iran, in all those cases in which the stakes of the conflict with the West is precisely , Westernization, understood as approval of those countries to the total values, economic and financial systems, to the Western mind, that is, the disruption of the previous systems irreparable social, economic and cultural, as implemented in the interests of a minority of the population and damage the majority of it.
democracy, parliamentarism, are only window dressing. Or anyone really think that it is preferable to the corrupt Karzai to Mullah Omar, not for selfish gain of the West, but the real interests of the Afghan people? And what of the tam-tam media unleashed by the West about Iran's internal opposition, pushing thousands of students to be massacred by the Revolutionary Guards in Tehran, with the money and the interest of Western intelligence agencies, primarily American? However, there is a clarification to make, in our opinion, with respect to the reflections from Zinoviev in on the term and concept of "Westernization." As a good Russian, Zinoviev considers "the West" all that is west of Russia, beginning with Poland and, in agreement with the terminology already become established for several decades does not distinguish at all between Central and Western Canada-United States entity, and indeed there is no doubt that he will also include the mentally Australia and New Zelanda.Questa, however, is a gross oversimplification.
For an Italian, a Frenchman or a German, "West" is an ambiguous term that unites as if they were homogeneous, both sides profoundly different. We therefore propose that we speak of "Westernization" of the world, but of "Americanization" process that began during the First World War and received the final push during the second, and then proceed "trawling" in the second half of twentieth century, thanks not only to the Marshall Plan, but also in Hollywood, the "blues", the "jazz" to "rock and roll", the television, advertising, Hemingway, Faulkner, Fitzgerald, the atomic bomb, the Coca-Cola, the chewing-gum, the conquest of the Moon, the "Rebel Without a Cause," the myth of glittering Manhattan and Las Vegas, the revolt of Berkeley.L 'Italy, for example, the heart of European civilization for at least three times - with the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church and the Renaissance - has not become "the West" if not since the second world war, first with arerei the devastating bombing of the "liberators" criminals, in 1943-45, then with white bread, cigarettes and dollars "generously" undertaken by U.S. reconstruction; Finally, the myth of economic "boom" and the destruction of civilization, between the fifties and sixties of 900.
The pattern is always the same: first the cultural seduction of the American way of life, pop music, cinema (as was the case between the wars), then an armed attack, brutal, ruthless, destructive scientifically; Finally, again, the cultural invasion, made even more irresistible dall'alone of glory that always circonfonde the winners of the day. It's the same pattern we saw in action in Afghanistan after 2001: how the Afghans, we too have experienced three stages: cultural seduction; guerra e bombardamenti; invasione economico-finanziaria e nuova, definitiva ondata culturale.Sarebbe ora di distinguere fra “Occidente” ed “Europa”. L’Europa, come giustamente affermava De Gaulle, va dall’Atlantico agli Urali. Comprende la Russia (senza la parte asiatica), di certo non comprende gli Stati Uniti e il Canada; a nostro avviso, inoltre, comprende solo in parte la Gran Bretagna. Il Canale della Manica è molto più largo di quel che non dica la geografia: fin dai tempi di Elisabetta Tudor, anzi fin dai tempi della Guerra dei Cent’Anni, per gli Inglesi l’Europa è “il continente”, una trascurabile appendice della loro inimitabile isola; per loro (ed hanno perfettamente reason), the United States are much closer to France or Holland, in all senses, not to mention Hungary, Sweden or Russia.Loro drive on the left, do not feel truly European, but the islanders, the 'Europe is the continent that have always tried to keep divided, weak, full of grievances, in order to better control economicamente.Quando financially and there are no more successful with their own strength alone, since 1917, asked for help to their grandchildren Americans.
We have been Westernized, dear Zinoviev, Americanized in the sense of: with the bastion and the carrot, and we, finally, we did it with zeal, enthusiasm, even in a frenzy.
Francesco Lamendola on ariannaeditrice.it
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