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Francesco De Sanctis, A journey election
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Carmen Chiodo
We face a careful critical edition of Travel electoral De Sanctis, well commented and aforesaid by the scholar. This book was born in 1876 and "was born from the need to fix on paper the experience of travel resulted from the difficult run-off election the previous year. Forced by the need to collect the votes are decisive for the victory, De Sanctis had to climb up the steep paths of Irpinia, colliding with a social reality rooted in past beliefs and resistant to the idea of \u200b\u200bprogress, where politicians of questionable reliability were sharing the management of public affairs. With this we are looking at a page of history in the South of surprising news, in which the strict morality of a man of culture like to warn against the negative values \u200b\u200bof the ruling class. "
desanctisiana This edition of the work is enriched by a fundamental and useful dictionary of quotations, places and characters. Pages introduttive di Iermano si intitolano Un viaggio tra gli uomini di Guicciardini (pp. 11-43). Si aprono con una carrozza che percorre in un freddo gennaio del 1875, «alla vigilia di un difficile ballottaggio elettorale nel collegio di Lacedonia, strade impossibili, attraversa torrenti e s’arrampica lungo sentieri di fango alla ricerca di paesi irraggiungibili, sommersi dalla pioggia e nascosti dalla nebbia. Il candidato al Parlamento Francesco De Sanctis, già ministro della pubblica istruzione nei governi Cavour e Ricasoli, è il viaggiatore disincantato che cerca nelle remote terre dell’Alta Irpinia, poste tra la valle dell’Ofanto e il vulture, di spiegare quanto sia necessario calare l’ideale nel reale, superare i mali e le esasperazioni dei regionalismi, causa di ‘guerricciole e gelosie che generano facilmente in pettegolezzi sulla stampa locale’, distruggere i partiti personali, vere e proprie malattie sociali, e spingere le comunità e la gente onesta fuori dal fatalismo e verso un alto grado di educazione politica» (p. 11). Comunque i motivi ideali della Storia della letteratura italiana si trovano pure nel Viaggio. Qui spicca per un possibile risveglio delle coscienze la figura di un telegrafista di Bisaccia, Fabio Rollo, reduce della battaglia di Custoza del 24 giugno 1866. Ecco il De Sanctis come parla di questo Fabio: «Mi parve uno degli uomini più serii che avessi conosciuto. Notai una tranquilla moderazione di giudizi e di parole, che è il segno dell’umiltà. Avevo innanzi, un carattere...». E ancora del Rollo appena conosciuto così parla nel capitoletto Bisaccia la gentile: «Fabio era lì in piedi dietro una siepe di uditori, non esitò, non ebbe il menomo imbarazzo. Venne dritto a me e mi strinse la mano, e sentii che acquistavo un amico, di quelli che non si dimenticano mai».
De Sanctis traccia «un formidabile quadro della nuova classe dirigente della nuova Italia ma non svolge considerazioni sulla storia della provincia e della sua amministrazione durante il primo Ottocento» (p. 15). Iermano analizza bene i vari andamenti del viaggio e la sua scrittura oltre che i temi. Qui si vede il professore De Sanctis parlare, dibattere, incontrarsi with people, make speeches and at the same time "deal with the insistent presence of memory and memories of childhood and the places of my youth" (p. 21).
De Sanctis was part of the constituency of Morris Irpino, "the deepest treasures." Has returned after a long absence, Morris has found "a whole history, both ancient and prosperous families come down or off, and a lot of new people, and sudden gains, and rich peasants and without a master, and sometimes their masters their servants. Award for work to leisure and Punishment "(p. 152).
Al De Sanctis missed nothing of the new life and politics of his country. 'Co' new era has arisen in a Morra vigorous municipal life, and in a decade has done more than in any century "(ibid.). But - again he writes - "I can not say that there is a real civic life began. I see you again for those ways come to me between the legs, such as stray dogs, a crowd of boys, ragged and idle, and it pains me that there is still a kindergarten. " Still reigns there is no wear and provident institution that facilitates gl'istrumenti of work and the culture of 'fields' (p. 152) and also the relationship between' gentlemen and peasants "are not good. And yet it is observed that in "Morra is vanity, there's pride" (p. 153). And then De Sanctis is reminiscent, memories of when he was a child.
The countries visited by the professor are Rocchetta "poetry," Bisaccia "the kind," Calitri "the misty," Andretta "the quirky", then it's time for Morris, San Severo, Avellino, and finally Sansevero. De Sanctis in these countries meet several people and is located in various situations. Here is resentful and tetragona "Calitri the foggy," the country inhabited by very rich families, but with roads impassable. De Sanctis was cold reception here and has no official status, "the priest Berrilli Pasquale, 'one of the warmest adversaries' ours, would not go to meet him as a supporter of the candidate Money» (P. 25). De Sanctis saw Calitri "in a bad moment. The road was a mud pit and we could see little, and acute cold made me shiver "(p. 117). Calitri has changed is no longer what it used to (the age of the youth of De Sanctis) is now 'thing mean. " Moreover, 'I did not know the houses, but the streets were unpresentable, and give the country a bad impression to those who come again, the streets are those that the country PEL dress for man "(p. 118). A Calitri Tozzoli he met with and began to "politic". The Tozzoli was "young man left, that is left of 65, made the most of rich landowners, and local notables, which threw the already so-called coterie, and came to parliament to protest against mismanagement "(p. 118). Through "the enemy country, De Sanctis, in the company of friends and voters, he noticed that the people had an attitude of seriousness not found among the gentlemen. With speed camera captures the attitude of the inhabitants and stares at a beautiful picture: 'Some common people were there standing on the square with a severity of Roman senators' "(ibid.). From Calitri the coach brought him to Andrews, "the quirky": "So I understood to regard this country by some, on account of the protests made in the run-off, revealing a great distance, a thin spirito avvocatesco» (p. 125).
Il giro elettorale, come si sa, venne ideato e preparato dall’on. Michele Capozzi e dall’abile prete di Morra Irpino marino Molinari, dopo un incontro con il De Sanctis a Roma nel dicembre del ‘74. Nel Viaggio elettorale c’è il politico e lo scrittore De Sanctis. Varie volte il politico va a letto e «lascia campo libero allo scrittore, che subito comincia fantasticare in attesa di addormentarsi. I suoi pensieri nella notte sempre popolati d’immagini curiose, di ombre particolari di razionalità e non di paura, di successi e consensi che la realtà non concede: «Il signor cognato giunto da Avellino , alla vigilia del voto, quel bonomo che ha votato e voterà for the opponent in spite of your living room Mauro had left thinking the opposite "(see chap. IX), then the incredible behavior of Lacedonia Franciosi (Chapter III), the subtleties of the shrewd lawyer Camillo andrettese Honey, admirable figure South of the sophist never entirely disappeared the atlas of the Italian province (Chapter XI), the disappointing moral mediocrity of the bishop Fanelli (Chapter XII) remind the De Sanctis but not his theology and history is not novel (p. 31 ). As a boy Francis (affectionately called Ciccillo) loved to dream indeed, had "an inclination to rêve ', which increased with the passing of years: think of the letters addressed to Zurich students and Diomede Angelo Camillo De Mais Marvin, both exiles in Turin, or the girls Basque Virginia and Teresa de Amicis. You can see the qualities we admire as a writer of De Sanctis when the priest shows us the poetry of Rocchetta Francis Piccoli, "in which he found the widow of Luis Gonzo Lacedonia loved to sixteen years and now a mother of Joseph Castelli, young mayor of the town and its fervent follower "(p. 31).
Chapter X of Voyage is dedicated to Irpino Morra. And it is a short chapter full of memories that already predicts the youth. Here you can read in the socio-historical analysis "of the highest bill conceptual" but also the memories appear. Here is the meeting with the family (Aunt Teresa, il nipote Aniello, il fratello Vito, e poi le cugine, i luoghi dei giochi, la piazzetta che aveva «visto» tante sue lagrime, il ricordo della partenza degli esuli del ‘21, il Monte delle Croci, Dietro corte, San Rocco, la via Nuova, e ancora le sudicie stréttole, le case dei vecchi e nuovi padroni, tutto costituisce lo spazio di una memoria mai pure dato autobiografico, ma costante trasfigurazione dei valori del tempo perduto. I suoi sono ricordi di una vita mentale che rifioriscono senza che il sentimentalismo devasti la dignità e l’altero distacco del critico» (pp. 34-35). Queste pagine - come giustamente osserva Iermano - sono un bel saggio o, meglio un capolavoro di microstoria, «d’indagine critica completely free from contamination or excessive descriptive local content. These pages desanctisiane so maybe you can compare with admirable daring tale of two villages in Abruzzo (Monterodomo and Pescasseroli) and Benedetto Croce republished, not coincidentally, in the appendix to the History of the Kingdom of Naples (1924). The town of De Sanctis as that of the Cross (Pescasseroli) "had a primitive village clinging to the castle of course, and above all, as the town in Abruzzo," dragged on for centuries, his life of small feudal country, lost in the mountains and almost inaccessible '(see Cross, History of the Kingdom of Naples, Laterza, Bari, 19585, pp. 315-425). The election ended
Travel Avellino, the capital, where the De Sanctis, despite having won in the college of Laceby, on the evening of January 23 he received a cool reception (Chapter XXII). "No comparison with the one received upon his arrival as governor just appointed by decree by Garibaldi in difficult September sixties, when the province was under siege and the bourgeoisie felt threatened by social unrest" (p. 35).
De Sanctis path in the company of Don Marino Molinari and patriot and scholar of Teora Romualdo Cassitta the "land of the student, remembering how many times I had done that way in the early going to and fro, his head full of grammar and rhetoric. " Avellino came to say goodbye nel suo palazzo, posto di fronte alla prefettura, il vecchio Carlantonio Solimene, sindaco della città negli anni del regno di Ferdinando II, ed ora, non ostante le sue pessime condizioni di salute, consigliere del figlio Catello, schierato contro il Capozzi. Della città ricordava le famiglie del ceto civile - i Vegliante, i Lanzilli - e in particolar modo quel «Lorenzo De Concililj, sindaco e memoria della storia risorgimentale, ormai scomparso da circa nove anni, il 20 ottobre 1866» (p. 37). Iermano segue passo passo De Sanctis nei suoi vari spostamenti, incontri, discorsi, pensieri. Inoltre incisive risultano le pagine di Iermano quando analizzano lo stile, la lingua del Viaggio elettorale. Qui De Sanctis «realizza un imprevedibile experiment with realistic language, the result of a thoughtful research of the representation of life through language 'live' and a perfect identity between content and form "(p. 40). As in his other literary works and many critical essays, De Sanctis uses a 'quasi-journalistic language: fast, linear, efficient, able to retain an expressive clarity and richness of ideas "(ibid.). Sometimes we read words and expressions of alettali appropriate "for an effective speech reproduction but also to experiment with realistic type, both in narrative and discourse in a way contribute to strengthening the medium in which the tone is linked to a time plan and sometimes essential: the many portraits and sketches in the EV obtained by the unnecessary complexity of sentence structures effectively and give the language a more attractive and specified medium tone "(pp. 40-41). There is also in the prose of this desanctisiana another kind of language, consisting of precious elements and a refined syntax. It 'still valid, according to Toni Iermano, including travel election, the interpretation of the critical prose of the Russian Luigi De Sanctis, "De Sanctis designed, with all his work, srettoricare in Italy and launched a Representative prose strongly, but dry and good-natured tone and speech, which, in science and speculative, were matched to what, in the arts, was the prose of Manzoni '(see Francesco De Sanctis and Neapolitan culture (1928), Editori Riuniti, Rome, 1983, p. 348; the language and the prose of De Sanctis are still valid books Marcello Aurigemma, Language and style in the criticism of Francesco De Sanctis, Longo, Ravenna, 1968 and Casu M., De Sanctis writer, Vita e Pensiero, Milan, 1971, and finally, we should also remember G. Nencini Francesco De Sanctis and the question of language, Bibliopolis, Napoli, 1984. Already in the History De Sanctis wanted to innovate his prose which then comes back in a journey election "with strong reasons of modernity. Similarly, the Essais of Montaigne ( Lib. III, chap. V) anche De Sanctis vuole mettere qualcosa di suo nella lingua» (p. 41).
Francesco De Sanctis nel suo Viaggio elettorale «aveva raggiunto i suoi obiettivi politico-letterari, ma le motivazioni ideali erano prevalse solo nel sogno o nelle lunghe e tormentate notti d’Irpinia in cui fantasticava così come aveva fatto negli anni della prigionia o nel tempo dell’esilio» (pp. 41-42).
Per il De Sanctis nel sogno tutto andava bene ma nella realtà subì diverse sconfitte e delusioni elettorali: «Le drammatiche sconfitte, seguite al voto dell’ottobre 1882 e del gennaio 1883 furono conseguenza di una radicale quanto persistente incomprensione di parte del ceto civile provinciale nei confronti delle its identity never weakened, however, by this attitude "(p. 42).
De Sanctis very last moment of his life contributed to support, as well as in his speech of January 29, 1883 Trani, that politics is primarily and essentially dignity and can not be conceived 'as a duty and sacrifice. "
Toni Iermano This book is the fruit of long and not always easy searches. However, thanks to
Iermano we can read in a critical edition of the strict election Journey De Sanctis, well commented in its entirety by the scholar who has written a useful and comprehensive dictionary of quotations, places and characters.
election shall be published after the trip the two "texts that represent and interpret two aspects that work in the VE with extreme ease and never collide, but literary and political."
The two texts are: "The journey in Switzerland during August of 1854" by Jerome Noname (text first appeared in «The Piemonte, Torino, a. II, n. 2, January 1856); Speech S. Maria La Nova for lessons. This speech was held in Naples 4 November 1874 and was released the same day on "Rome", a. XIII, Supplement No 305, November 4, 1874, both the 'Sting', a. XV, No. 306. This speech is the only witness ufficiale delle idee che Francesco De Sanctis sostenne durante la campagna elettorale del novembre 1874. Inoltre «attualissime si rivelano le parti del discorso riservate al rapporto tra nazione e regione, tra affermazione dell’identità italiana e la tutela degli interessi locali».
Titolo: Francesco De Sanctis, Un viaggio elettorale
Autore: Carmine Chiodo
Categoria: Note e Recensioni
Rivista: Testo e Senso n.7 (2006)
Visitato: 948 volte
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